Bipolar Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Bipolar, including details on bipolar disorder, symptoms, treatment, depression, medication.

A molecular cell biology of lithium.

Williams R, Ryves WJ, Dalton EC, Eickholt B, Shaltiel G, Agam G, Harwood AJ

MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Biology, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Lithium (Li(+)), a mood stabilizer, has profound effects on cultured neurons, offering an opportunity to investigate its cellular biological effects. Here we consider the effect of Li(+) and other psychotropic drugs on growth cone morphology and chemotaxis. Li(+) inhibits GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) at a therapeutically relevant concentration. Treated cells show a number of features that arise due to GSK-3 inhibition, such as altered microtubule dynamics, axonal branching and loss of semaphorin 3A-mediated growth cone collapse. Li(+) also causes growth cones to spread; however, a similar effect is seen with two other mood stabilizers, valproic acid and carbamazepine, but without changes in microtubules or axon branching. This common effect of mood stabilizers is mediated by changes in inositol phosphate signalling, not GSK-3 activity. Given the presence of neurogenesis in the adult brain, we speculate that changes in growth cone behaviour could also occur during treatment of mental disorders.

Published 20 October 2004 in Biochem Soc Trans, 32: 799-802.
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