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SRD5A2 is associated with increased cortisol metabolism in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Steen NE, Tesli M, Kähler AK, Methlie P, Hope S, Barrett EA, Larsson S, Mork E, Løvås K, Røssberg JI, Agartz I, Melle I, Djurovic S, Lorentzen S, Berg JP, Andreassen OA

Section for Psychosis Research, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål Hospital, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Acute Psychiatric Emergency Unit, Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Aker Hospital, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.

OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is documented in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but the mechanism is unclear; recently, increased activity of cortisol metabolizing enzymes was indicated in these disorders. We investigated whether five genes involved in cortisol metabolism were associated with altered activity of cortisol metabolizing enzymes in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ). METHODS: A case-control sample of subjects with BD (N=213), SCZ (N=274) and healthy controls (N=370) from Oslo, Norway, were included and genotyped from 2003 to 2008. A sub-sample (healthy controls: N=151; SCZ: N=40; BD: N=39) had estimated enzyme activities based on measurements of urinary free cortisol, urinary free cortisone and metabolites. A total of 102 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SRD5A1, SRD5A2, AKR1D1, HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 genes were genotyped, and significant SNPs analyzed in the sub-sample. RESULTS: There was a significant association of rs6732223 in SRD5A2 (5α-reductase) with SCZ (p=0.0043, Bonferroni corrected p=0.030, T risk allele). There was a significantly increased 5α-reductase activity associated with rs6732223 (T allele) within the SCZ group (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest an interaction between SCZ and SRD5A2 variants coding for the enzyme 5α-reductase, giving rise to increased 5α-reductase activity in SCZ. The findings may have implications for cortisol metabolizing enzymes as possible drug targets.

Published 14 September 2010 in Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.
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